If air conditioners are not properly maintained, they can become a breeding ground for microbes that they release into the cool air. This increases the chance of contamination for the room's occupants.
Legionellosis is a possible risk
Even more serious: legionellosis. Acute pulmonary infections can be fatal from this disease of bacterial origin. According to the Institut Pasteur, Legionella bacteria is part of the aquatic flora. It can be found in hot freshwater sources.
What does all this have to do the air conditioner? Water cooling is a common method of cooling large buildings such as hospitals, hotels, and other establishments. These bacteria can multiply if the water is contaminated. Inhaling tiny droplets of water into the air can then lead to contamination. Regular maintenance of the systems is what reduces the chance of contamination.
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Source: Destination health